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Maria Rygier (born 1885 in Florence, died 1953 in Rome) was an Italian journalist and politician. ==Biography== Rygier was a follower of Arturo Labriola and of the socialist avant-garde in Italy. In 1907 she became editor of the newspaper ''Lotta di classe'', a socialist revolutionary publication. With Filippo Corridoni, she also founded the anti-militarist broadsheet ''Rompete le file''. She voiced the opinion that women should oppose militarism, as they gave birth to the soldiers killed in war on behalf of the state. In 1909, she began to support anarchism in Italy. She became active in contributing to ''La Demolizione'' of the syndicalist Ottavio Dinale from 1907 to 1911. A World War I interventionist in 1914, she became an editor at the newspaper founded by Benito Mussolini, ''Il Popolo d'Italia''. The socialist daily founded by Mussolini was devoted to supporting the campaign for intervention by Italy in the War. As a syndicalist and union supporter, she was jailed for a period in 1914. Her status as a political prisoner fighting for syndicalism became known to Italian-American syndicalists during the period. Anarchist Leda Rafanelli urged Italian workers to follow the example of Rygier. After a brief nationalist period, she fled to France in 1926, by then in open opposition to Fascism. While in France, Rygier published a pamphlet highly critical of Mussolini. The 16-page pamphlet was originally written in French. The pamphlet was translated and published worldwide in 1928, revealing how Rygier became disillusioned with Mussolini, accusing him of being an informer, engaging in blackmail, and of using tactics harmful to Italy's national interests yet beneficial to its future allies. She further accused Mussolini of political opportunism to further his personal interests, such as taking a lucrative newspaper job that required switching political orientation: Little is known of Rygier's activities after the publication of her anti-Fascist pamphlet in France and the end of World War II. She returned to Italy after the end of World War II. In 1946, she wrote a polemic book on the exiled anti-Fascists (''Rivelazioni sul fuoruscitismo italiano in Francia'', Rome, 1946). She eventually became a supporter of the monarchy of Italy. She died in Rome in 1953. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Maria Rygier」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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